课文 · 精读
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In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel.
1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海陕的隧道计划到了英国。
He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel.
他说，可以在海峡中央建一个平台。
it would be possible to... 是“做某事是可能的”的表达；it 作形式主语。
This platform would serve as a port and a railway station.
这个平台将充当港口和火车站。
serve as 表示“起……作用；充当……”。
The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level.
如果建起高出海平面的高大烟囱，隧道的通风就会很好。
if...were built 是虚拟语气；above sea level 是地理表达。
In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
1860年，一位英国人威廉·洛提出了一个更好的方案。
was put forward 表示“被提出”；better 暗示后文对前方案的改进。
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.
他建议修建一条双轨铁路隧道。
suggested that... should be built 是典型虚拟语气建议句型。
This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了。
Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun.
42年后，隧道工程真的开工了。
actually begun 表示“真的开始了”，和前文多年设想形成照应。
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed.
如果当时英国人不担心遭到入侵，这条隧道本来是会建成的。
had not feared / would have been completed 是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel.
它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。
It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.
它于1994年3月7日正式通车，终于把英国和欧洲大陆连接起来了。
officially opened 是正式启用表达；connecting... 是现在分词作结果状语。
单元概要
本课写英吉利海峡隧道从设想、改进、搁置到最终建成的漫长过程。重点不只是年份，而是读懂多个方案如何解决 ventilation 问题，以及 if 引出的与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
精读导图 1. 先写最早的隧道设想和平台方案。 2. 再写双轨隧道如何改进通风问题。 3. 最后写工程因历史原因中断，直至 1994 年才真正连通英欧。 精读关注 - serve as / put forward / draw in - if 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
单词表
| 单词 | 音标 | 释义 | 精讲 |
|---|---|---|---|
| tunnel | /ˈtʌnl/ | 隧道 |
|
| platform | /ˈplætfɔːm/ | 平台 |
|
| ventilate | /ˈventɪleɪt/ | 使通风 |
|
| chimney | /ˈtʃɪmni/ | 烟囱；通风井 |
|
| double | /ˈdʌbl/ | 双的 |
|
| ventilation | /ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/ | 通风 |
|
| invasion | /ɪnˈveɪʒn/ | 入侵 |
|
| connect | /kəˈnekt/ | 连接 |
|
| continent | /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ | 大陆 |
|
| port | — | n 港口 |
|
| sea level 海平面 | — | — | — |
| fear | — | v 害怕 |
|
| officially | — | adv 正式地 |
|
| European | — | adj 欧洲的 | — |
短语
| 短语 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| with a plan for | 带着……计划 |
| serve as | 充当；起……作用 |
| above sea level | 高于海平面 |
| put forward | 提出 |
| draw in fresh air | 吸入新鲜空气 |
| fear invasion | 担心入侵 |
| connect ... to ... | 把……连接到…… |
| a pair of shoes/socks/glasses | 一副眼镜 |
| European Continent | 欧洲大陆 |
语法点
suggest that ... should do
He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. 建议类动词后常接 should + 动词原形的虚拟结构。
相似句：
- They suggested that a new bridge should be built.
- I suggested that he should wait a little longer.
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
If the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. 这是典型的“过去没发生，所以结果也没实现”。
相似句：
- If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently.
- If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
现在分词作结果补充
finally connecting Britain to the European continent 用 connecting 补充说明“开通”的结果。
相似句：
- The road was widened, connecting the two villages.
- The gate opened, letting the visitors in.
读写提示
- 历史说明文要用“方案 - 障碍 - 完成”三段式去概括。
- 本课特别适合积累工程类词汇：ventilation, platform, tunnel, connect。
- 概括年份时不用全背，但要分清 1858、1860 和 1994 各代表什么。
- 遇到 if 虚拟语气句，一定要想清楚它在现实中说明了什么没有发生。
Composition
- 作文
- Rewrite the following sentences using the joining words in parentheses:
- 用括号中的连词改写以下句子 :
- 1 The English Channel separates Britain from Europe. The country has not been invaded since1066. (Thanks to...which)
- 2 Modern warfare is far more complex. Such fears no longer exist.(However, now that...)
- 3 Britain benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. Europe benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. (Both...and)
- 1 Thanks to : 幸亏(to是介词) / because of : 由于
- Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe, the...
- 2 now that : 即使 (既然)
- Howwever, now that moden warfare is far more complex ,such fears no longer exist.
- 即使现代战争越来越复杂了,然而这样的害怕都已经不存在了
- 3 Both...and...
- Both Britain and Europe benefit... (注意benefit不能加s)
- benefit [5βενιφιτ] n.利益, 好处 vt.有益于, 有助于 vi.受益
考点
4
考点
4第 1 / 4 题
第一位工程师的方案如何解决通风问题？
选择题精讲
3
选择题精讲
3Multiple choice questions
3It would be possible to build a platform. A platform _______.未做
显示答案与解析
答案：C
(a)could build (b)would be built (c)could be built (d) would build
possible
could : 可能 / would : 表示将来要做
11It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally _______.未做
显示答案与解析
答案：B
(a)mixed (b)joined together (c)rejoined (d)combined
mix : 混合
join : 连接(加入), 强调使成为其中一员
rejoin : 再次加入
combine : 合并
combine [κΕμ5βαιν] v.(使)联合, (使)结合 n.联合企业, 联合收割机 n.联合收割机
connect : 强调连接
9A plan was put forward by William Low. He _______it.未做
显示答案与解析
(a)suggested (b)intended (c)aimed at (d)planned
put forword : 提出
intend to do
aim at : 目标是什么
plan : 计划
suggest : 建议
suggest + doing/that,
suggest + 名词或代词
补充精讲
1
补充精讲
1Summary writing
- 摘要写作
- Answer these questions in not more than 85 words. 回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过85个单词.
- 1 Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it be ventilated? (The tunnel, which...)
- 2 Who suggested a better plan two years later?
- 3 How would passing trains solve the problem of ventilation in his proposed double railway－tunnel? (because they would)
- 4 Did work begin forty－two years later or not? Why was it stopped? (Though...because)
- 5 When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However)
- 1 The tunnel will(would) be ventilated, a French engineer planned to build in 1858.
- The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.
- 先行词, which : 非限定性定语从句
- The tunnel, which a French engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.
- 3 though...because...
- because the British had feared invasion.
- It was stopped because the British had feared invasion.
- Though it was begun (work begin forty-two years later), it was stopped because...
- 5 However 起了副词的作用,后面可以直接加一个句子