课文 · 精读
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Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.
消防队员同森林大火搏斗了将近三个星期，才终于把它控制住。
had been fighting 表示长时间持续；get it under control 是固定表达“把它控制住”。
A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.
不久以前，参天大树还覆盖着周围方圆数英里的土地。
had covered 用过去完成时对比“火前”景象；for miles around 表示“方圆数英里”。
Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.
现在，温热的地面上仍冒着烟，弥漫在荒凉的山丘上。
still 强调余火未尽；desolate 表现火后荒凉景象。
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction.
冬天就要来临，这些山丘正以毁灭威胁着周围的村庄。
winter was coming on 表示“冬天将近”；threaten...with... 是常见搭配。
Heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.
大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会造成严重的洪水。
not only...but...as well 写并列后果；wash away the soil 是关键生态后果。
When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.
大火终于扑灭后，林业当局订购了好几吨一种生长很快的特殊草籽。
had been put out 是过去完成时被动；a special type of... 表示“一种特殊类型的……”。
The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.
飞机把这些草籽大量喷撒在地面上。
was sprayed over... 是被动结构；in huge quantities 表示“大量地”。
The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain.
开始下雨时，飞机已经播撒草籽将近一个月了。
had been planting 是过去完成进行时，强调下雨前一直在进行的工作。
By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root.
不过到那时，许多地方的草已经生了根。
by then 表示“到那时”；take root 表示“生根”。
In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.
在那片曾长了几个世纪大树的地方，烧黑的土壤中开始出现一片片绿色。
in place of 表示“代替”；patches of green 形成希望感的结尾画面。
单元概要
本课写森林大火扑灭后真正的危险并没有结束，因为冬雨可能引发水土流失和洪水。重点要抓“大火之后”的连续后果，以及过去完成时、过去完成进行时如何交代前后顺序。
精读导图 1. 先写大火虽然被控制，但山林已经满目疮痍。 2. 再写真正危险转向雨季可能造成的洪水和毁坏。 3. 最后写人工撒草籽、草根扎下去，出现恢复希望。 精读关注 - get under control / take root - 火后景象与恢复景象的对比
单词表
| 单词 | 音标 | 释义 | 精讲 |
|---|---|---|---|
| control | /kənˈtrəʊl/ | 控制 |
|
| desolate | /ˈdesələt/ | 荒凉的 |
|
| threaten | /ˈθretn/ | 威胁 |
|
| destruction | /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ | 毁灭；破坏 |
|
| flood | /flʌd/ | 洪水 |
|
| authority | /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ | 当局 |
|
| spray | /spreɪ/ | 喷撒 |
|
| root | /ruːt/ | 根 |
|
| patch | /pætʃ/ | 小片 |
|
| smoke | — | n 烟 |
|
| surrounding | — | adj周围的 |
|
| grass-seed | — | n 草籽 | — |
| quantity | — | n 量 |
|
| century | — | n 世纪 | — |
| blacken | — | v 变黑, 发暗 |
|
短语
| 短语 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| get ... under control | 把……控制住 |
| for miles around | 方圆数英里 |
| wash away the soil | 冲走土壤 |
| a special type of | 一种特殊的…… |
| in huge quantities | 大量地 |
| take root | 生根 |
| in place of | 代替 |
| in control | 在控制之内 |
| under control | 在控制之下,被控制 |
| out of control | 失控 |
| under arrest | (n) 被逮捕 |
| full of smoke | 充满烟雾 |
| smoking area; smoking room | 吸烟室 / smoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢 |
| smokey area | 吸烟区 / nonsmokey area : 禁烟区 |
| threaten sb with sth | 以什么来威胁某人 |
| destructive (adj) | 毁灭性的 |
| construction (n) | 建设, 建筑 / construction bank 建设银行 |
| construct (v) | 建设(为...创造更好的条件) |
| constructive (adj) | 建设性的(意见) |
| flood / floods | 都对,都可以用,无区别 |
| sth with good quality | 具有好质量的东西 |
| quantities of | 大量的 |
| come out | 长出来 / flower come out : 开花 |
| get out | 出去 |
| a patch of | 一小片 / a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of |
| patches of | 许多片 |
语法点
过去完成时回看更早场景
great trees had covered... / the fire had been put out... 都在帮助读者区分“更早之前”和“叙事当前”。
相似句：
- The river had dried up before the rains came.
- By the time we arrived, the workers had left.
过去完成进行时写持续过程
had been fighting / had been planting 都强调某动作在过去某一时点之前已经持续了很久。
相似句：
- They had been waiting for hours when the bus arrived.
- She had been studying all night before the exam began.
not only ... but ... as well
课文用这一结构并列写出两层灾害：冲走土壤、引发洪水，逻辑非常清晰。
相似句：
- The storm not only damaged the roofs but caused power cuts as well.
- He not only apologized but offered help as well.
读写提示
- 复述本课时不要停在“火灭了”，重点是火后真正的危险和补救措施。
- 说明文概括适合按“现状 - 风险 - 对策 - 结果”四步走。
- 词组 take root 和 in place of 很适合积累到环境类写作中。
- 结尾的绿色 patches 是全文情绪转暖的信号，概括时别漏掉。
考点
4
考点
4第 1 / 4 题
大火之后周围村庄面临的真正危险是什么？
选择题精讲
6
选择题精讲
6Multiple choice questions
6The planes _______nearly a month to plant the seed.未做
a. did
b. made c.took
d. had
显示答案与解析
花费 : 如果人作主语用spend
用时间表达用take
9Large ________of seed were used.未做
a. weights
b. measures
c. tons
d. amounts
显示答案与解析
weights / weight 重量
measures 测量
tons吨 : several tons
amounts : large amounts 大量的, 修饰不可数名词
11Patches of green had begun to appear. There was green grass ________.未做
a. every where
b. only in one or two places
c. in one place d. here and there
显示答案与解析
patches许多快
everywhere每一寸土地上都长着东西
here and there 这一块, 那一块, 很多快, 不一定是每一寸
2now that既然 / which : 定语从句未做
显示答案与解析
Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.
3to prevent...: 为了预防...未做
显示答案与解析
To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.
4by the time(that)到...时候为止 (that可以省略),应理解为 “before”未做
显示答案与解析
by the time it began to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil.