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新概念英语二 · 下册 · 精读资料卡

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Tired of sleeping on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
德黑兰有个年轻人睡地板睡烦了，于是积蓄了好多年去买一张真正的床。
be tired of sth./doing sth. 表示“对……厌倦”；Tired of sleeping on the floor 是形容词短语作状语。英语里若名词和代词分别能作主句/从句主语，通常把更清楚的名词放在主句。to buy a real bed 是目的状语；可类比 I went home tired / I went home excited 这类“形容词直接作状语”的表达。
For the first time in his life, he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress.
有生以来第一次，他自豪地成了一张带弹簧和床垫的床的主人。
for the first time in one's life 表示“平生第一次”；the proud owner of... 是“自豪地拥有……”；可类比 He became the proud father of a baby. which had springs and a mattress 是定语从句，修饰 a bed。
Because the weather was very hot, he carried the bed on to the roof of his house.
因为天气非常热，他就把床搬到了自家屋顶上。
Because 引导原因状语从句；carry... on to... 表示“把……搬到……上面”。on to 和 in to 都带“移入某个位置”的意味，如 Lift sth. on to the cart. roof of his house 是地点表达。
He slept very well for the first two nights, but on the third night, a storm blew up.
头两天晚上他睡得很好，可到了第三天夜里，突然刮起了暴风。
for the first two nights 表示“头两天晚上”，可类比 for the first three days / for the last three nights。but 构成转折；blow up 表示“风越刮越大、暴风骤起”；speak up 则是“大声点”。
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below.
一阵狂风把床从屋顶上刮了下去，摔进了下面的院子里。
a gust of wind 是“一阵大风”；sweep... off... 表示“把……从……刮落”，off 近似 down from / away from。sent it crashing into... 中 crashing 是现在分词，和 it 构成主动关系。below 可直接后置作定语，如 the courtyard below。
The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
那个年轻人直到床撞到地面才醒过来。
not...until... 表示“直到……才……”；had struck the ground 用过去完成时，强调“床先落地，人后醒来”。一个句子若出现两个动词，要么用 and/but 连接，要么把其中一个变成非谓语。
Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt.
虽然床摔得粉碎，但那个人却奇迹般地毫发无伤。
although / though 都可引导让步状语从句；be smashed to pieces 表示“摔成碎片”。crash 常作不及物动词直接用主动形式，smash 更常作及物动词。miraculously unhurt 表示“奇迹般地毫发无伤”。
When he woke up, he was still on the mattress.
他醒来时，自己仍然还在床垫上。
When he woke up 是时间状语从句；still 强调“居然还”；on the mattress 说明人没有从床垫上摔开。
Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
他扫了一眼四周散落的木片和金属碎片，伤心地捡起床垫，把它搬回了屋里。
Glancing at... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，可理解为 be glancing 的压缩；-ing 形式强调与相关名词的主动关系。bits = pieces。that lay around him 是定语从句；lie-lay-lain 是不及物动词，常说 lie around，不能说 lay him。只有谓语动词才会随时态变化。
After he had put it on the floor, he promptly went to sleep again.
等他把床垫放到地板上后，立刻又睡着了。
After he had put... 用过去完成时表示先后；promptly 表示“立即、迅速地”；went to sleep again 呼应开头“睡地板”的讽刺效果。

单元概要

本课围绕“梦想中的旅行因天气突变而破灭”展开，重点训练过去完成时与一般过去时的先后关系，同时梳理 travel / weather / disappointment 语义场。

精读导图
1. 先交代人物原本的计划与期待。
2. 再写天气骤变，旅行或计划被迫取消。
3. 结尾点出 dream ended 的真实含义：不是睡梦结束，而是愿望落空。

复述提示
We had planned to ...
By the time ..., the weather had already ...
In the end, we had to ...

单词表

单词音标释义精讲
tired/ˈtaɪəd/adj. 厌烦的；疲倦的
  • be tired of sth/doing sth 讨厌做某事
  • get tired of ...
real/rɪəl/adj. 真正的
  • true : 真挚, 真诚, 符合标准 (强调符合某个标准)
  • 体会 “real man /true man” 的区别
owner/ˈəʊnə(r)/n. 主人；所有者
  • own v
spring/sprɪŋ/n. 弹簧
  • spring : 春天, 泉水
  • fountain人工喷泉
mattress/ˈmætrəs/n. 床垫
  • mat垫子 (如杯垫)
  • cushion座垫
gust/ɡʌst/n. 一阵风
  • breeze : 微风
  • gale 大风, (突发的)一阵风
  • a gust of anger (一阵)无名火
sweep/swiːp/v. 扫；刮
  • blow
  • sweep sth away把...刮走
smash/smæʃ/v. 碰碎；摔碎
  • smash sth into pieces把...摔成碎片
  • crash : 受挤压而变碎
  • The egg is easy to crash.
  • break:打碎
  • cut into pieces切碎, 剪碎
  • tear into pieces撕碎
  • crack : 裂
  • cracker
courtyard/ˈkɔːtjɑːd/n. 院子
  • backyard后院
  • court院子,庭院
  • yard院子
unhurt/ʌnˈhɜːt/adj. 没有受伤的—
glance/ɡlɑːns/v. 扫视
  • glance at
  • glare at瞪着(生气的)
  • stare at盯着
  • gaze at : 盯着(无限神往, 羡慕地看)
promptly/ˈprɒmptli/adv. 迅速地
  • promptly＝at once, immediately
miraculously/mɪˈrækjələsli/adv. 奇迹般地—

短语

短语意思
the end of a dream美梦告终；愿望落空
set out出发
by the time到……的时候
be caught in遭遇；被困于
call off the trip取消行程
be tired of sth/doing sth讨厌做某事
gaze at盯着(无限神往, 羡慕地看)

语法点

过去完成时 + 一般过去时

本课里先发生的是床已经撞地，后发生的是人醒来，所以用 had + 过去分词 来交代“先发生的过去动作”，再用一般过去时写后续动作。

相似句：
  • The bed had struck the ground before the young man woke up.
  • After he had put the mattress on the floor, he went to sleep again.

not ... until ...

本课原句 The young man did not wake up until ... 用来表达“直到……才……”，适合写动作延后发生，突出前面那件事先完成。

相似句：
  • He didn't wake up until the storm became stronger.
  • The child didn't cry until his mother left the room.

分词 / 形容词短语作状语

开头的 Tired of sleeping on the floor 和后面的 Glancing at the bits of wood and metal 都不是完整谓语，而是用来补充人物状态或伴随动作，和主语保持逻辑一致。

相似句：
  • Tired after the long walk, he lay down on the bed at once.
  • Looking round the room, she found her bag on the floor.

定语从句贴着名词补充信息

课文里 a bed which had springs and a mattress、the bits of wood and metal that lay around him 都是在名词后面补充说明，帮助把对象说具体。

相似句：
  • He bought a house which stood on a hill.
  • She picked up the books that were lying under the desk.

读写提示

  • 记叙类复述先排时间线：计划、变化、结果、感受。
  • 写天气突变时可积累 suddenly, at once, before long 等连接词。
  • 过去完成时只在需要强调先后时使用，不必句句都写 had。
  • 标题类题目可先解释字面义，再点出文中深层含义。

letter writing

  • 书信写作
  • 第二行如要退格是退5个字符, 现在西方都是顶格写.
  • 写business letter, 参照范本

考点

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第 1 / 4 题

本课标题 The end of a dream 在文中通常有哪些含义？

选择题精讲

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0%已展开解析 0 / 7

Multiple choice questions

3______ the hot weather, he couldn't sleep indoors.未做

a. Because

b. Because of

c. As

d. For

显示答案与解析
答案：B

because, as, for+句子 : 不能加词组

because the weather is hot...

5How ______ did he sleep?未做

a. good

b. well

c. good

d. nice

显示答案与解析
答案：B

how对形容词或者副词提问

He slept well.

how本题中, 对程度副词提问

the tree is tall

how tall is the tree

he sang songs beautifully

how beautifully did he sing

6Where was the courtyard?未做

a. Down.

b. Under.

c. Below.

d. Bottom.

显示答案与解析
答案：C

Courtyard 院子

down在......下(向下):go down, sit down

under prep. +宾语

below adv 下面, 表示一种状态

bottom n

7He looked at the bits of wood and metal ______ around him.未做

a. laying

b. laid

c. lying

d. lied

显示答案与解析
答案：C

...that lay around him定语从句

laying(lay) vt 放; lay the egg(下蛋)

lying(lie)vi lie in bed

laid(lay)vt

lie, lied, lied撒谎

过去分词属于非谓语动词, 做定语时与被修饰词形成被动关系

如把选择变为 : “a. lay b. lain c. lying d. lied” 再仔细考虑!

8A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof. The wind blew very ______.未做

a. hard

b. fast

c. quickly

d. soon

显示答案与解析

a gust of wind 一阵风

hard修饰动词, 表示程度大

study hard: 努力学习

9The bed crashed into the courtyard. It ______ the courtyard.未做

a. smashed

b. knocked

c. struck d.exploded

显示答案与解析
答案：C

crash vi (不及物)从上往下掉, 摔碎

smash vt (及物)敲击

knock v 敲击

explode v 爆炸

struck v 撞击

11He glanced at the bits of wood and metal. He ______ the bits of wood and metal.未做

a. looked quickly at

b. had a glimpse of

c. stared at d.watched

显示答案与解析
答案：A

glance at(漫不经心的)扫视,(主动的看)

look quickly at快速地看

had a glimpse of(无意识的)看

stare at 盯着看

watch 注视, 密切关注

新概念英语二 · 下册 · 精读资料卡 | 学习盒子