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新概念课文精读上册被动语态

新概念英语二 · 上册 · 精读资料卡

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We have an old musical instrument.
我们有一件古老的乐器。
have 在这里表示“拥有”；musical instrument 是统称，为下文点名具体乐器做铺垫。
It is called a clavichord.
它叫作古钢琴。
is called 是被动语态，表示“被称作”。
It was made in Germany in 1681.
它是 1681 年在德国制造的。
was made in + 地点 表“产地”；in 1681 表示年份。
Our clavichord is kept in the living room.
我们的古钢琴放在起居室里。
is kept 表状态性被动；keep sth. in ... 表“把某物放在某处”。
It has belonged to our family for a long time.
它属于我们家已经很久了。
has belonged to ... for a long time 用现在完成时表示持续；belong to 不用于被动。
The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
这件乐器是我祖父 many years ago 买下的。
was bought by... 是典型一般过去时被动，强调对象是 instrument，而不是 grandfather。
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
最近它被一位来访者弄坏了。
recently 提示“近来发生过”；was damaged 是过去被动。
She tried to play jazz on it!
她竟然想用它来弹爵士乐！
play jazz on it 说明问题不只是“弹了乐器”，而是“拿古钢琴弹不合适的音乐风格”，所以标题叫 Not for jazz。
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
她敲琴键用力太猛，两根琴弦被弄断了。
too hard 表示“过于用力”；two of the strings 强调是其中两根弦。
My father was shocked.
我父亲大吃一惊。
was shocked 描写人的感受；如果说 the news was shocking，则是“消息令人震惊”。
Now we are not allowed to touch it.
现在我们不被允许碰它了。
be allowed to do 是 allow sb. to do 的被动形式；not allowed 表“禁止、不准”。
It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
它现在正由我父亲的一位朋友修理着。
is being repaired 是现在进行时的被动语态，强调修理动作正在进行；a friend of my father's 是双重属格。

单元概要

本课写一架 1681 年制造的古钢琴被客人用来弹爵士乐而受损，重点训练一般现在时与现在完成时、被动语态、现在进行时的被动形式，以及 allow / be allowed to 的用法。

精读导图
1. 先介绍古乐器的身份、年代和家族归属。
2. 再写 visitor 用它弹爵士乐导致损坏。
3. 结尾写父亲震惊并下达“谁也不准碰”的新规矩。

复述提示
We have an old instrument which ...
Recently it was damaged because ...
Now it is being repaired and we ...

单词表

单词音标释义精讲
jazz/dʒæz/n. 爵士乐
  • a kind of music
musical/ˈmjuːzɪkl/adj. 音乐的
  • music student : the student who learned music
  • musical student :有音乐天赋的(当与人连用时)
instrument/ˈɪnstrəmənt/n. 乐器
  • instrument=musical instrument
clavichord/ˈklævɪkɔːd/n. 古钢琴
  • a kind of instrument
damage/ˈdæmɪdʒ/v. 损坏
  • be damaged by ... 表示“被……损坏”。
key/kiː/n. 琴键
  • key to the door
  • Do you know the key(答案)to the question?
  • key(关键)structure
string/strɪŋ/n. 弦
  • two of the strings were broken 指其中两根弦断了。
shock/ʃɒk/v. 使震惊
  • 跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是 “人” (以sth为主语)
  • The news shocks me 这个消息使我震惊
  • 凡是能够用 “人” 做宾语, 又是表示人的情绪活动的动词, 有两个形容词形成 :
  • 1.令人……; + -ing 2.感到…… + -ed
  • It shocked me.
  • It is shocking.
  • I'm shocked.
  • get a shock n.
  • sb.get a shock
  • surprise 好事坏事都可以, 只要你没有料到 I want to give you surprise.
  • shock 必指坏事, 令人不悦, 生气的
allow/əˈlaʊ/v. 允许
  • 1、allow doing
  • Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smokeing
  • 2、allow sb. to do sth
  • sb.be allowed to do sth.
  • You are allow to smoke(被动语态)
  • Allow常用于被动语态, 习惯上用被动
  • You are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
touch/tʌtʃ/v. 触碰
  • not allowed to touch it 表示现在谁都不准碰这件古董。
recently—adv. 最近
  • recently=lately

短语

短语意思
be called被称作
be made in产于……
be kept in被放在……里
belong to属于
play jazz on用……弹奏爵士乐
too hard过于用力
be allowed to do被允许做……
a friend of my father's我父亲的一位朋友
musical student有音乐天赋的(当与人连用时)
The news shocks me这个消息使我震惊

语法点

被动语态贯穿全文

is called, was made, is kept, was bought, was damaged, were broken 这些都把焦点放在 clavichord 本身，而不是执行动作的人。

相似句：
  • The book was written in French.
  • The windows were broken in the storm.

现在进行时的被动语态

It is being repaired 表示“现在正在被修理”，结构是 am/is/are + being + 过去分词。

相似句：
  • The road is being repaired now.
  • The house is being painted this week.

allow 的主动与被动转换

allow sb. to do sth. 变成被动就是 sb. be allowed to do sth.；本课里 we are not allowed to touch it 正是这个结构。

相似句：
  • They don't allow visitors to take photos.
  • Visitors are not allowed to take photos.

a friend of my father's 双重属格

这不是“我父亲唯一的朋友”，而是“我父亲众多朋友中的一位”，双重属格常带“其中之一”的意味。

相似句：
  • He is a classmate of mine.
  • She borrowed a book of her brother's.

读写提示

  • 文物或物件介绍类复述适合按“身份 - 来历 - 现状 - 事故 - 处理”来写。
  • 这课的语法核心不是某一个时态，而是“被动视角”一直在支撑全文。
  • 标题 Not for jazz 要点明“不是不能弹，而是不适合这样弹”。
  • 精读时要顺手区分 shocked 和 shocking 这组常考词。

考点

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第 1 / 4 题

What happened to the clavichord?

选择题精讲

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Multiple choice questions

7We are not allowed to touch it. We ______ touch it.未做

a.mustn't b.mustn't to c.haven't to d.don't have to

7A未做
显示答案与解析

"we are not allowed to touch it."不被允许

肯定结构中must和have to是一个概念

否定结构中must和have to就不一样了

mustn't:不准, 不可以

have to的否定 : 不必(have实意动词)……don't have to

You don't have to go to school.

You mustn't go to school.

9It's kept in the living room. That's where we ______ it.未做

a.have b.hold c.lift d.carry

9A未做
显示答案与解析

keep(kept,kept):保持; 保存

keep sth.+地点 : 在某地放...(状态)

put:放(动作)

That's where

That's后面+以特殊疑问词引导的从句

That's why:那就是...的原因

That's where:那就是...地点

lift:举起

carry:扛着, 背着, 抱着

hold:拥有, 持有, 握着

have:拥有

10The visitor damaged it. She ______ it.未做

a.hurt b.pained c.broke d.destroyed

10C未做
显示答案与解析

"damaged"……可以修复

destroy……无法修复

pain……有身体的疼痛

hurt……hurt oneself/身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害

身体的某个部位+hurt: ...疼痛

My hand hurts.

My leg hurts.

Hurt my leg.

broke——打破, 打断, 打碎

I broke my leg.

新概念英语二 · 上册 · 精读资料卡 | 学习盒子