考点练习
第 1 / 3 题
本课复述时先要交代什么？
补充精讲
2课文讲解
- 1．I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老的小镇上。
- 这是一个主从复合句，which is surrounded by ... 为定语从句，修饰town。which 指代 town 。从句用的是被动语态，“被......所包围”，如果将从句独立为一个句子，则为：My town is surrounded by beautiful woods.
- 2. on Sundays 是泛指“在星期天”，而不是指在某个星期天。
- 3．hundreds of people，数以百计的（游）人。
- hundreds of people 复数形式表概数，“数以......计的”与 of 连用，作名词的修饰语，其后面的名词必然是复数形式。
- 4. . . . to see our town and to walk through the woods. 来参观我们的小镇并在树林中散步。
- to see our town and to walk through the woods 为不定式短语作目的状语。
- 这里用 and 连接的两个动词不定式。介词through，“穿过”，强调纵深向，如：walk through the forest 穿过森林：而 across 强调横向，如：
- walk across the street 横穿街道
- 5．Visitors have been asked to keep the woods clean and tidy．游客已被告知要保持树林的整洁。
- 现在完成时的被动语态，说明需求的行为应为游客所知。（句中 have been asked是被动语态的完成时结构。详见本课语法部分。）to keep the woods clean and tidy 是动词不定式短语，作主语visitors的补足语。clean and tidy 是宾语 the woods 的宾语补足语。
- clean and tidy 表示“整洁的，清洁的”这是英语中的常用结构，其它常见的类似结构还有：black and blue 青一块紫一块；happy and gay 高高兴兴
- heart and soul 全心全意，一心一意
- 6．go for a walk，去散步。
- 7．What I saw made me very sad．我所见到的一切使我非常难过。
- 句中的主语 What I saw 是 what 引导的名词性从句（主语从句）。例如：
- What the little boy did surprised his mother. 那个小男孩所做的一切使他母亲十分惊讶。
- What you do makes me happy. 你所做的是我愉快。
- 8. The litter baskets were empty and ground was covered with pieces of paper，cigarette ends，old tyres，empty bottles and rusty tins.
- 句中 and 连接的并列句，“the litter baskets were empty” 与“groun was ... 分别为两个并列分句，be covered with ... 被 ...... 覆盖。如：
- The desks are covered with dust. 桌子上布满了灰尘。
- The ground was covered with snow. 地上覆盖着雪。
- 9. Anyone who leaves litter in these woods will be prosecuted！凡在此树林里丢垃圾者，将依法处置。
- 这是一个主从复合句，who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone 。will be prosecuted 为将来时的被动语态。
关键句型
- 被动语态（2）
- 上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式，这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式：
- （1）现在完成时形式： has/have + been + 过去分词：
- The basket has already been emptied. 篮子已经被腾空了。
- They have already been invited. 他们已被邀请。
- （2）一般将来时形式： will/shall +be +过去分词：
- The floor will be swept soon. 地不久就会扫的。
- The knives will be sharpened soon. 刀不久就会磨的。