课文 · 精读
单元概要
本课写“假期里一直惦记寄明信片，结果到最后一天买了 37 张却一张没写”的反差故事，重点训练一般过去时、双宾语、spoil 的引申义和 make a decision 等表达。
精读导图 1. 先写“明信片毁假期”这一长期烦恼。 2. 再交代旅行见闻和不断拖延寄卡片的过程。 3. 最后用 37 张卡片和 0 张完成量形成幽默收束。 复述提示 Postcards always spoil ... During the holiday, I visited ... and learned ... On the last day, I bought ..., but ...
单词表
| 单词 | 音标 | 释义 | 精讲 |
|---|---|---|---|
| postcard | /ˈpəʊstkɑːd/ | n. 明信片 |
|
| spoil | /spɔɪl/ | v. 破坏；使扫兴 |
|
| museum | /mjuˈziːəm/ | n. 博物馆 |
|
| public | /ˈpʌblɪk/ | adj. 公共的 |
|
| friendly | /ˈfrendli/ | adj. 友好的 |
|
| waiter | /ˈweɪtə(r)/ | n. 男服务员 |
|
| lend | /lend/ | v. 借给 |
|
| decision | /dɪˈsɪʒn/ | n. 决定 |
|
| whole | /həʊl/ | adj. 整个的 |
|
| single | /ˈsɪŋɡl/ | adj. 单一的；唯一的 |
|
| send | — | v. 寄, 送 |
|
| spoil(spoiled or spoilt) | — | v. 使索然无味, 损坏(重点词) |
|
| exciting | — | adj. 令人兴奋的 |
|
| receive | — | v. 接受, 收到 |
|
| firm | — | n. 商行, 公司 |
|
| different | — | adj. 不同的 | — |
| centre | — | n. 中心 | — |
| abroad | — | adv. 在国外 |
|
| pigeon | — | n. 鸽子 |
|
| message | — | n. 信息 |
|
| cover | — | v. 越过 |
|
| distance | — | n. 距离 distant:(a)远距离的 |
|
| request | — | n. 要求, 请求 |
|
| spare | — | part 备件 | — |
| service | — | n. 业务, 服务 |
|
| beggar | — | n. 乞丐 |
|
| food | — | n. 食物 不可数 |
|
| — | n. 衣服口袋 |
| |
| call | — | v. 拜访, 光顾 |
|
短语
| 短语 | 意思 |
|---|---|
| spoil one's holiday | 把某人的假期弄糟 |
| a few words of Italian | 几句意大利语 |
| lend sb. sth. | 借给某人某物 |
| think about | 考虑；一直想着 |
| send cards to friends | 给朋友寄明信片 |
| on the last day | 在最后一天 |
| make a big decision | 作出重大决定 |
| spend the whole day | 整整花一天时间 |
| namecard/visiting card | 名片 |
| ID card | 身份证; ID : 身分, 身份 (identification, identity) |
| credit card | 信用卡 |
| cash card | 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种) |
| Palace Museum | 故宫 |
| in public | 公开的; in private:私下里的(介词短语在英语中往往充当状语) |
| exciting boy | 令人兴奋的男孩 |
| go aroad | 去国外 |
| live abroad | 国外定居 |
| study abroad | 国外学习 |
| take a message for sb | 替...捎口信 |
| keep distance | 保持距离 |
| request for | 对...有请求, 有需求 |
| ask for | 请求得到 |
| beg for | 乞求得到 |
| inner pocket | 内口袋 |
| jacket pocket | 夹克的口袋 |
| coat pocket | 大衣口袋 |
| pocket book | 袖珍书 |
| pocket dictionary | 袖珍词典 |
| pocket money | (小孩)零花钱 |
| get exact change | 准备好正确的零花钱 |
| beer money | (男孩)零花钱 |
| pocket pick | 车上的小偷 |
| call sb | 给某人打电话 |
| call up sb | 给某人打电话 |
| call back | 回某人电话 |
| call on sb | 拜访某人 |
| call in sb | 招集和邀请某人 |
语法点
双宾语结构 teach / lend / send sb. sth.
课文里的 taught me a few words 和 lent me a book 都是“动词 + 人 + 物”的双宾语结构，也可以改写成 teach/lend sth. to sb.。
- She sent me a letter.
- The teacher taught us a new song.
一般过去时讲完整旅行经历
went, visited, sat, taught, lent, read, bought, spent 等动词把整段假期经历连成一条完整时间线。
- We arrived at noon and checked into a hotel.
- He opened the box and found an old photo inside.
not a single ... 强调“一个也没有”
I did not write a single card 比 I didn't write any cards 更有戏剧效果，特别适合突出“原本下了很大决心，结果还是失败”。
- She didn't make a single mistake.
- He didn't say a single word during dinner.
spend + 时间 + 地点 / doing
I spent the whole day in my room 表示“在某地花了多少时间”；也可说 spend time doing sth.。
- They spent two hours in the library.
- I spent the evening reading.
读写提示
- 这类小故事最出彩的是“前面铺垫很多，最后反转失败”，复述时要把反差写足。
- 旅游叙事可先写所见所闻，再写心理负担或任务压力。
- 数字细节如 thirty-seven cards 很重要，能让故事更有记忆点。
- 结尾感叹号不要丢，它体现了作者对自己的无奈和自嘲。
考点
4
考点
4How many cards did the writer send?
选择题精讲
25
选择题精讲
25Multiple choice questions
a.Who taught b.Who did teach c.What did he teach d.Whom did he teach
显示答案与解析
找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定
who whom
人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom
如果对主语提问, 则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样
如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序
A 正确 who既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
a.friend b.as friends c.like friends d.in a friendly way
显示答案与解析
He spoke to the writer like a friend.
in...way :以...方式
D正确
friendly单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
a.the hole b.the all c.all d.all of
显示答案与解析
whole all the day; all of us
C正确
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修修饰词
一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
a.final b.end c.latest d.bottom
显示答案与解析
the last day, final——形容词 end——名词/动词
bottom——名词 形容词修饰 day
latest:最新的 latest news latest style 新款
a.thought about it b.made up his mind .changed his mind d.made a wish
显示答案与解析
think about:考虑、思考、想
make up one's mind:下定决心
change one's mind:改变主意
make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿
B正确
Multiple choice questions
a.to b.in c.at d.into
显示答案与解析
at...表示位置 be at...(典型表示位置的介词短语)
go to...只要有to这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the theater
go in...(in 做副词)很少加宾语 He went in.
go into...有去向的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the room
move:搬家
move in:搬进来
move to the new house:正在搬
move into :搬进去了
a.is he b.has he been c.has he d.was he
显示答案与解析
how long...对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连
have+动词的过去分词
§Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞
Multiple choice questions
a.That's so b.That's why c.Because d.For
显示答案与解析
so表示前面是原因, 后面是结果
That's why :那就是为什么, 前者是原因
That's why+从句 : 那就是......原因, 前者是原因, 后者why后面是结果
I was caught in the traffic jam.That's why I was late.
be动词后面是表语, 后面的从句是表语从句
That's后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导, 再加一个句子
That's when we can start class.
That's where we will have a meeting.
That's how I get to school.
a.another b.other c.else d.different
显示答案与解析
(8)......one...the other...
another:另外一个
another=an+other
an/a是冠词
his/my/your是形容词性物主代词
my mother's是名词所有格
在语法上, 以上三个词是不能同时并存的, 一般要用只能用其中一个
a bag/my bag
his,形容词物主代词, another=an+other
another强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个, 强调的是有三个以上
other:其它的, 加单数就表示一个, his取代the的位置
语法的范围正在放宽松, his another 也对, 但不太好
else:其他的
显示答案与解析
else会放在被修饰词的后面, 会修饰两种词, 疑问词和不定代词
different:不同的
Multiple choice questions
a.told b.said me c.told to me d.said
显示答案与解析
say说/tell告诉
He says + 句子; He says+that+句子; say to sb.
tell sb.+句子 : tell sb.+that+句子
He said to me/he told me
Percy Buttons 作为从句的主语
一个简单句只有一个主语一个动词
He told me Percy Bottons was a Beggar.
a.They all b.Each c.Every d.All they
显示答案与解析
they all(对)/all they(错)
all of us/all of them
我们所有人 all of us,we all
each/every 每一个
each:强调个体; every 强调整体
every adj.+n. 每一个(书, 本, 人等)
each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.直接作主语或者宾语
every person likes...
each person likes.../each likes...
every 不能做主语; each 强调个体, 使用第三人称单数
a.How seldom b.How long c.How soon d.How often
显示答案与解析
once a month:每月一次, 属于频率
对频率提问 : how often
提问多久 : how long
提问次数 : how many times
How many times do you visit your mother each month?
How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问
How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问
How soon 多久以后
How soon will you finish your homework?
a.asks for money but doesn't work b.asks for food
c.works hard d.is out of work
显示答案与解析
out of work 失业
I am out of work,/I lose my job.
a.bit b.bar c.block d.packet
显示答案与解析
piece of:a piece of cheese 一块奶酪
bit : a bit of /a piece of 在英文中经常互用
bar: a bar of chocolate---一块巧克力
bar 门闩 : 长条状 : a bar of chocolate; a bar of soap
block 块, 一大块: block v.堵塞; block n.房子
packet:一包
a piece of.../a bit of...
a.street b.way c.road d.route
显示答案与解析
same age and size 同年代同样式
street 两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道
way, on the way,in the way 挡住某人的路(强调方向)
road 路的通称 : road home 通往家的路 (张艺谋的影片《我的父亲母亲》的英文名)
route 路线
〖语法精粹〗
A.listening/hearing
B.hear/listening
C.be listening/hear
D.be hearing/listening to
显示答案与解析
listen听/hear听见
如果你不听, 怎么可能听见呢?
be 不能加动词原形; be+ -ed/-ing
can+动词原形
A.will finish
B.is finishing
C.had finished
D.finishes
显示答案与解析
won't=will not
状语从句中, 用一般现在时取代将来时.
A.are being interviewed B.are interviewing
C.interviewing (光动词+ing不能构成谓语) D.to be interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)
A.are being interviewed 被动
B.are interviewing 主动
显示答案与解析
apply for 申请
who 在名词后面, 引导定语从句
interview 面试
从句(have applied for)现在完成时, 主句缺少谓语动词
在英文中, 只能领导对员工面试, 员工只能被面试
A.is wishing B.has been wishing. C.wishes
D.has been wished 从语法上说合理, 但不合情
显示答案与解析
scientist 科学家; wish 希望
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.
wish sb.to do
A.still sleeps B.is still sleeping C.still had been sleeping D.will be sleeping still
显示答案与解析
if——一般用一般现在式
如果他在睡觉的话, 不要吵醒他
关于时态的把握 : 1.关键词2.上下文3.潜在含义
now 现在进行时
often,always 一般现在时
just,already 现在完成时
last week,last summer...一般过去时
补充精讲
1
补充精讲
1时态填空
- 1 What ______ you ______ (buy) yesterday?
- 2 Up till now, he never ______ (lend) me anything.
- 3 ______ you (burn) those old papers yet?
- 4 He ______ (fight) in Flanders in the First World War.
- 5 They already ______ (leave).
- 6 When ______ you ______ (lose) your umbrella?
- 7 ______ you ______ (listen) to the concert last night?
- 8 We just ______ (win) the match.
- 1...did...
- yesterday,一般过去时
- 2....has never lent..
- up till now/up to now,现在完成时
- never属于频率副词, 频率副词一定会放在实义动词之前, 非实义动词之后
- 3.....have you burned...
- burn:燃烧, yet,现在完成时的标志
- 4......fought...(fight的过去分词)
- in the first World War,in+具体的过去年代是具体的过去时间, 一般过去时
- 5....have already left...
- already:已经
- 6...did you lose...
- When,对时间点提问 要不然和将来时连用, When will you do sth?
- 如果确定不和将来时连用, 一般情况When的出现意味着一般过去时
- 现在完成时会用How long定位
- 7...Did you listen...
- last night,一般过去时
- 8...have just won...
- just
- 动词的时态的第一种概念 : 根据这句话本身找关键词
- 完形填空一句话的出的结论不一定是正确的, 往往要根据上下文的时间得出时态
- §Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯